Muslim Roots of America

Given the present day wave of nationalism and culturalism, it has become necessary to address the issue of Islam and Muslims in present day America. The Muslim bans, the chants of go back where you came from have pushed this issue in to main stream. I have always said that racism existed in America before 9-11 but it came your moral and patriotic duty. Mainstream media and academia has been complacent in the narrative and the story of discovery of America. This paper is an attempt to bring forth evidence of a different past and who truly came to America and settled here. Links between West Africans, North America and South America including Caribbean Islands. This paper is just scratching the surface of true roots of Americ

Use of Mercury Intrusion Porosimetry (MIP) Technique to Measure the Porosity of Anodes in Solid Oxide Fuel Cell (SOFC)

The present research is aimed to calculating the porosity of anodes in solid oxide fuel cell through Mercury Intrusion porosimetry (MIP). There are various techniques used to measure the porosity of the solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC). MIP is a method used to find the porosity of anodes due to its high accuracy, and some additional information which includes particle size distribution, pore size distribution, average pore size and bulk density. The working principal of MIP is that when sample is filled with mercury then high pressure is applied which makes the mercury to penetrate into the pores of the sample. The instrument measures the pore volume with the help of capacitive system as the pressure gradually increases to its maximum value and then decrease to its lowest value. This system calculates the volume of mercury intruded for each pressure whether the pressure is increasing or decreasing. The instrument is connected to a computer with dedicated software which calculates the percentage porosity of the sample. The results suggested the importance of PH and agitator on porosity. What we have to provide is the sample mass, sample density and the temperature of the laboratory. However for cleaning purposes of mercury, ethanol could be used instead of acetone, as mercury intrusion porosimeter involves few plastic parts like dilatometer holder and cap. Whereas acetone has catastrophic effect on them, and these parts are very expensive to replace. Keywords: Mercury, Intrusion, Solid oxide, Fuel cell, Porosity, Anodes, Porosimetr

Political Awareness and Media’s Consumption Patterns among Students-A Case Study of University of Gujrat, Pakistan

This research examines the role of different media outlets in creating political awareness among students. This study shows that students of University of Gujrat consume mass media for both entertainment and political information. However, Television considered the best source of political information. Through this study agenda and framing theory used which revealed that media has an effect on its target audience. While, survey method has used to gauge the media consumption among university students. Mass media is considered a source of information that has the power to change choice of people. Media present issues to its audience with an effect that public forms opinion according to media’s emphasis on issue. Keywords: Mass Media, Consumption Pattern, Political Awareness, Media Agenda, Media Framin

Impact of Cable/T.V on Modern Lifestyle: A Study of Women

Researchers explore the demographic characteristic of the respondent, women exposure towards electronic media and its impacts on the adoption of modern lifestyle. Researcher was also checkout the impact of cable/TV on modern lifestyle. Electronic media is an influential tool for brining noticeable change in the views, outlook, attitude and interest of people. This study intends to emphasize the role of electronic media and its impact on minds of the women, and the environment in which it function. Researchers used the cultivation theory and face to face interview used as data collection method.  Results reveal that electronic media really impact on the modern lifestyle of women who had exposure towards electronic in their daily life and watching cable/TV. Keywords: Electronic Media, Cable television, Modern Lifestyle, Cultivation, Women, Impac

Distribution of Cocoa Pod Borer (CPB) Conopomorpha cramerella (Snellen) (Lepidoptera: Gracillariidae) egg population with respect to the Pod Phenology

At the Malaysian Cocoa Board Research Station at Hilir Perak, Sg. Sumun, Perak, an in-depth investigation on sampling of the cocoa pod borer (CPB) was conducted over a period of 12 months from 2000 to 2001. Several components were examined including determining distribution of CPB with respect to pod phenology and determining optimum sample size to produce sampling parameters for CPB using three different sampling techniques, random, systematic and stratified. Data were analysed using two aggregation models; Taylor's Power Law (b coefficient) and Iwao's mean crowding (f3 coefficient). CPB's egg were found to be highly aggregated. In determining optimum sample sizes, two parameters were calculated; b coefficient of Green's model and f3 coefficient for Kuno's model. The Green model was suitable to produce the most efficient sampling sizes during low and high population densities for all sampling techniques

Quaternionic Channel-based Modulation For Dual-polarized Antennas

Space time block codes (STBCs) have been studied to exploit the spatial and temporal diversities in wireless systems. Orthogonal space time polarization block codes (OSTPBCs) designed using the quaternion algebra promise gains in terms of higher data rates, diversity and spectral efficiency. In this context, quaternion modulation has been proposed using the dual-polarized antennas to generate efficient selection of the polarization and optimal decoding at the receiver end. In this paper, the quaternion modulation technique has been evaluated considering the quaternionic channel using the dual-polarized antennas. The results show promising diversity gains with benefits in terms of spectral efficiency and data rates. An extension of this scheme for higher number of symbols and higher dual-polarized antenna dimensions has also been presented. The proposal includes linear decoupled decoding of the quaternion orthogonal codes (QODs) at the receiver end where the complexity stays independent of the number of transmitted symbols. The design of the quaternion modulation using the quaternionic channel fully exploits the polarization diversity in addition to unfolding its applicability for future massive multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) wireless systems